1. LA FAMILLE
GRAMMAIRE
1.
LES ARTICLES
a.
Les articles indéfinis
There are three of them.
You can translate them as a/an. There is no indefinite article for plural nous
in English.
Un – masc.sing.noun e.g. un chien
– a dog, un stylo – a pen
Une – fem.sing.noun e.g. une
fille – a girl, une maison – a house
Des – masc/fem plurals e.g. des
stylos – pens, des maisons – houses
b.
Les
articles définis
There are four of them. All
can be translated as ‘the’ in English.
Le – masc.sing.noun e.g. le chien –
the dog
La – fem. Sing.noun e.g. la maison – the house
L’ – masc/fem sing noun
starting with ‘a/e/i/o/u/h
Les – masc/fem plurals e.g. les
stylos – the pens, les maisons – the houses
c.
Les
articles contractés
The ones which mean ‘ to the/at the/in the’
i)
Au – masc.sing. noun e.g. au cinéma – to the
cinema hall
ii)
A la – fem sing noun e.g. à la plage – to
the beach
iii)
A l’ – masc/fem
sing noun starting with a/e/i/o/u/h e.g. à l’école – to the school
iv)
Aux – masc/fem plural nouns e.g. aux villes – to the cities
The
ones which mean ‘of the/from the/about the’
i)
Du – masc.sing.noun
e.g. du village – from the village
ii)
De la – fem. Sing.noun
e.g. de la piscine – of the swimming pool
iii)
De l’ – masc/fem sing. Noun
starting with a/e/i/o/u/h e.g. de
l’école – from the school
iv)
Des – plural nouns
e.g. des parents – about the parents
d. Les articles partitifs
There are four of them.
They can be translated as ‘some’. They are used when fixed quantity of
the noun is not given. Mostly used for food items. Usually verbs like ‘manger,
boire, prendre, acheter’ are used in the sentence.
i)
Du – masc.sing.noun e.g.du lait – some milk, du thé - some tea
ii)
De la – fem.sing.noun e.g de la glace –
some ice cream
iii)
De l’ – masc/fem sing. Noun starting with a/e/i/o/h e.g. de l’eau – some water
iv)
Des – masc/fem plural e.g. des fruits – some fruits
Please don’t get confused with les
articles partitifs and les articles contractés as they look same.
Look at the notes carefully, it is clear that their roles are different.
1st Group verbs: ER verbs - These are the verbs with last two letters as ER. They follow the same
type of conjugation.
Examples: 1) tomber –to fall down
2) pleurer – to cry
3) raconter – to recite
4) aimer – to like
5) adorer – to love
6) détester – to hate
7) danser – to dance
8) chanter – to sing
9) regarder –to see
10) penser – to think
11) écouter – to listen
There are
many more. Above just a few examples. When written in above form they are
called infinitives or original verbs.
Now
following is called the conjugation of the verb. Here is an example.
Regarder – to see
Je regarde –
I see
Tu regardes
– you see
Il regarde –
he sees
Elle regarde
– she sees
On regarde –
everybody sees
Nous
regardons – we see
Vous regardez – you see (plural, formal)
Ils
regardent – they see
Elles
regardent – they see (only fem subject)
GER & CER VERBS
1. Till here it is the revision as we
already had ER verbs in 6th class. There is a small group of GER
verbs. So the last 3 letters we have to see.
e.g. 1) voyager –to travel
2) manger – to eat
3) nager – to swim
4) ranger – to arrange
Note that in above verbs last three
letters are GER. The conjugation of these verbs is same as ER verbs except for
NOUS. Let us write it.
Voyager – to
travel
Je voyage – I travel
Tu voyages – you
travel
Il voyage – he
travels
Elle voyage – she travels
On voyage – everybody travels
Nous voyageons –
we travel
Vous voyagez –
you travel
Ils voyagent –they travel
Elles voyagent – they travel
Look at the conjugation of nous. It
is different than other ER verbs. At the end it has ‘eons and other ER verbs
have just ‘ons’.
2. Another small group of verbs is
CER verbs. They have last three letters as cer.
e.g. 1) commencer – to start
2) avancer – to progress
3) placer – to place
Avancer – to
progress
J’avance – I progress
Tu avances – you
progress
Il avance – he
progresses
Elle avance –
she progresses
On avance –
everybody progresses
Nous avançons – we
progress
Vous avancez –
you progress
Ils avancent – they
progress
Elles avancent – they progress
Again look at the conjugation of
Nous, it has ‘ç’ instead of ‘c’.
VOCABULAIRE
1) Le
grand-père – grandfather
2) La
grand-mère – grandmother
3) Les
grands-parents – grandparents
4) Le père – father
5) La mère – mother
6) Le frère – brother
7) La soeur
– sister
8) L’oncle
– uncle
9) La tante
– aunt
10)
Le cousin – cousine brother
11)
La cousine – cousine sister
12)
Le fils – son
13)
La fille – daughter
14)
Le
beau-frère – brother in law
15)
La
belle-soeur – sister in law
16)
Le beau-fils – son in law
17)
La
belle-fille – daughter in law
18)
Le gendre – son in law
19)
Aîné –elder
20)
Plus jeune – younger
21)
Jumeau – twin
LES NOMBRES YOU CAN LEARN FROM PG 9
OF THE TEXTBOOK.
While reading the phone number make
small groups of two digits and read.
e.g.
7025390128 – 70.25.39.01.28 – soixant-dix vingt-cinq trente-neuf zéro un
vingt-huit
Some important abbreviations
SNCF
|
Société
Nationale des chemins de Fer français
|
Name for French Railway system
|
TGV
|
Train à Grande vitesse
|
The fastest train in french
|
PDG
|
President directeur générale
|
The President General of France
|
ONU
|
Organisation des nations unies
|
United Nations
|
OMS
|
Organisation mondiale
de la santé
|
World Health
Organisation
|
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