People as resources

 

People As Resources - notes

 

Q1.Explain the ways of investment of Human Resources that can give high returns in future.
Answer:
Three ways of investment in development of Human Resource are:

·         Through Education.

·         Through Medical Care.

·         New technology.

·         Providing training to use new technology. ,

·         They can discover new methods of increasing production.

·         Acquired knowledge is well-invested in new fields like IT.

Q2. What does a Virtuous cycle’ created by the educated parents mean? Explain. HOTS
Answer:

·         A child, too, with investments made on her/ his education and health can yield a high return in future and contribute more to society.

·         Educated parents invest more heavily on the education of their children.

·         This is because, they realize the importance of education.

·         They are also conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene.

·         A virtuous cycle is, thus, created.

Q3. Explain three problems of educated unemployment in urban areas.
Answer:
Problems:

·         Many youth with matriculation, graduation and post-graduation degrees are not able to find job.

·         Unemployment of graduate and post-graduate has increased faster than among matriculates.

·         A paradoxical manpower situation is witnessed as surplus of manpower in certain categories co-exist with shortage of manpower in others.

·         There is unemployment among technically qualified persons bn one hand while there is a dearth of technical skills.

Q4. What is seasonal unemployment? What are the factors responsible for seasonal unemployment?
Answer:
It is a type of unemployment in which a worker is employed during some months of the year (especially, during harvesting or the sowing season), anti remains without work during the rest of the year.
Factors:

·         Lack of small-scale and cottage industries in rural areas.

·         Lack of multiple cropping. .

·         Lack of commercialisation of agriculture.

Q5. Explain any three consequences of unemployment.
Answer:

·         Poverty: The basic cause of poverty is unemployment. People do not have enough money to support their family. Inability of educated people, who are willing to work to find gainful employment implies a great social waste.

·         Increase in Dependent Population: Unemployment tends to increase the economic overload. The dependence of the unemployed on the working population increases.

·         Poor Quality of Life: The quality of life of an individual as well as of the society is adversely affected. When a family has to live on a bare subsistence level, there is a general decline in its health status and rising withdrawal from the school system.

Q6. What do you understand by Human Capital Formation? Highlight two initiatives each of Indian government to enhance health and education facilities.
Answer:
When the existing human resource is further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, human capital formation takes place. It adds to the productive power of the country. Just like the physical capital formation.
Following are the two schemes introduced by the government to enhance health facilities in India:

·         Integrated child development services.

·         Central government health schemes.

Following are the two schemes introduced by the government to enhance education facilities in India:

·         Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

·         Mid-day meal scheme.

Q7. Explain the initiative taken by the government to improve elementary education in India.

Answer:

(i) Government has launched various schemes for providing universal access, retention and quality in elementary education, with a special emphasis on girls.

(ii) There is also an establishment of pace setting of schools like the Novodaya Vidyalaya in each district.

(iii) Vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.

(iv) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen years by 2010. It is a time-bound initiative of the central government, in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for achieving the goal of universalisation of elementary education.

(v) The Right to Education act has been passed by the Indian Parliament to provide free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.

Q8. “Health should be treated as an important asset for human capital”. Analyse the statements with reference to our national health policy.
Answer:

·         Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country.

·         The National Health Policy 2002 aims at achieving an acceptable standard of health for the general population of the country.

·         To achieve the objective, a comprehensive approach was advocated, which included improvements in individual health care, public health, sanitation, clean drinking water, access to food and knowledge of hygiene and feeding practices.

·         The country has a well structured 3-tier public health infrastructure comprising Community Health Centres, Primary Health Centres and Sub-Centres spread across rural and semi-urban areas and tertiary medical care providing multi-speciality hospitals and medical colleges located almost exclusively in the urban areas.

·         Over the last five decades India has built up a vast health infrastructure and has developed manpower required at primary, secondary and tertiary sector in Government as well as in the private sector.

Q9. What are the disadvantages of unemployment? Explain.

Answer:

·         Wastage of Resource: Human capital is one of the most important resources. Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. People who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability.
There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth.

·         Poverty: The basic cause of poverty is unemployment. People do not have enough money to support their family. Inability of educated people, who are willing to work to find gainful employment implies a great social waste.

·         Increase in Dependent Population: Unemployment tends to increase the economic overload. The dependence of the unemployed on the working population increases.

·         Poor Quality of Life: The quality of life of an individual as well as of the society is adversely affected. When a family has to live on a bare subsistence level, there is a general decline in its health status and rising withdrawal from the school system.

·         Class Struggle: Unemployment divides the society into haves and have-nots. Accordingly, there is class conflict that compounds the problem of social turmoil.