tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68347513137261846362024-03-12T16:05:50.300-07:00STARS OF PIS AHMEDABAD STD - IXहम में हैं कुछ खास, हम में हैं कुछ बात, क्योंकि हम ही हैं दुनिया की आस.Stars of Podarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06466238493180821079noreply@blogger.comBlogger294125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-5560733338898951892022-02-11T19:22:00.000-08:002022-02-11T19:22:28.342-08:00WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS<p> <span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: underline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ch-5. Working of Institutions</span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-ed36aa74-7fff-6bfa-ff9d-c8018ee16996"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q1. Why is there a need for political institutions? </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans 1. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Need for Political Institutions:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing facilities for education and health to all. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It collects taxes and spends the money, thus raised on administration, defence and development programmes. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It formulates and implements several welfare schemes. Some people have to make decisions on how to go about these activities. Others have to implement these decisions.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> If disputes arise on these decisions or in their implementation, there should be someone to determine what is right and what is wrong. It is important that everyone should know who is responsible for doing what. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It is also important that these activities keep taking place even if the persons in key positions change.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> So, to attend to all these tasks, several arrangements are made in all modern democracies. Such arrangements are called </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">institutions.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> A democracy works well when these institutions perform functions assigned to them.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q2. Explain the major powers and functions of the Parliament.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">OR</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">‘Parliament is the supreme legislature of India.’ Justify the statement</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans 2. In all democracies, an assembly of elected representatives exercises supreme political authority on behalf of the people. In India such a national assembly of elected representatives is called a </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Parliament</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. At the state level this is called Legislature or Legislative Assembly.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It exercises political authority on behalf of the people in many ways:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country. This task of law making or legislation is so crucial that these assemblies are called legislatures. Parliaments all over the world can make new laws, change existing laws, or abolish existing laws and make new ones in their place. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Parliaments all over the world exercise some control over those who run the government. In some countries like India this control is direct and full. Those who run the government can take decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the Parliament. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Parliaments control all the money that governments have. In most countries the public money can be spent only when the Parliament sanctions it. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policy in any country. Parliament can seek information about any matter</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q3. How does Lok Sabha exercise supreme power?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Or</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">‘Lok Sabha is more powerful than Rajya Sabha’. Analyse the statement.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Or</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Which house of the parliament is more powerful in India and Why? Give reasons. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans 3</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. The Rajya Sabha is called the ‘Upper chamber’ and the Lok Sabha the ‘Lower Chamber’. But this does not mean that the Rajya Sabha is more powerful than theLok Sabha. Our Constitution does give the Rajya Sabha some special powers over the states. But on most matters, the Lok Sabha exercises supreme power. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both Houses. But if there is a difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session in which members of both the Houses sit together. Because of the larger number of members, the view of the Lok Sabha is likely to prevail in such a meeting.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lok Sabha exercises more power in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes.</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Most importantly, the Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. Only a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members in the Lok Sabha is appointed as the Prime Minister. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say they have ‘no confidence’ in the Council of Ministers, all ministers including the Prime Minister, have to quit. The Rajya Sabha does not have this power. </span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q4. ‘The Judges of the Supreme Court are not supposed to act on the direction and wishes of the executive’. Analyse the statement.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">OR</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Explain the constitutional provisions for making the judiciary independent. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans 4.</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Independence of the judiciary means that it is not under the control of the legislature or the executive. The judges do not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power. That is why all modern democracies have courts that are independent of the legislature and the executive. India has achieved this. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister and in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. In practice it now means that the senior judges of the Supreme Court select the new judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts. There is very little scope for interference by the political executive. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The judiciary in India is also one of the most powerful in the world. They can determine the Constitutional validity of any legislation or action of the executive in the country, when it is challenged before them. This is known as the judicial review.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The Supreme Court of India has also ruled that the core or basic principles of the Constitution cannot be changed by the Parliament.</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The powers and the independence of the Indian judiciary allow it to act as the guardian of the Fundamental Rights i.e. the citizens have a right to approach the courts to seek remedy in case of any violation of their rights.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q5. Explain how the judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts appointed and how can a judge be removed? </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans 5</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister and in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In practice it now means that the senior judges of the Supreme Court select the new judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts. There is very little scope for interference by the political executive. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Once a person is appointed as judge of the Supreme Court or the High Court it is nearly impossible to remove him or her from that position. It is as difficult as removing the President of India. A judge can be removed only by an impeachment motion passed separately by two thirds members of the two Houses of the Parliament.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q6. Why do political executives have more power than the permanent executives? </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans 6 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In a democracy, the will of the people is supreme. The minister is elected by the people and thus empowered to exercise the will of the people on their behalf. </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> All the political executives are answerable to the people. The people can change them if they don’t work according to the wishes of the people.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The non-political executives are the experts in their field but political executives have to see the welfare of all. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The experts can tell the route, but the political executives have a larger view so they decide the destination.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q7. Why was the Mandal Commission set-up? What did it recommend to the government?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans7. The Government of India appointed the Second Backward Classes Commission in the year 1979. B P Mandal was the head of Mandal Commission. Thus, it was popularly known as Mandal Commission.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It was appointed in order to;</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(i) determine the criteria to identify the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBCs) in India.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(ii) to recommend steps to be taken for their advancement.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The commission gave its report in 1980 and made following recommendations:</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">27% of the government jobs be reserved for the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The report and recommendations were discussed in the Parliament. On 6th August 1990, the Government of India took a formal decision to implement the recommendations.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q8. Explain the ‘Indira Sawhney and others Vs union case’. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans 8</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Some persons and associations opposed and filed a number of cases in the courts regarding the reservation of jobs for backward classes. They appealed to the courts to declare the order invalid and stop its implementation. The Supreme Court of India bunched all these cases together. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This case was known as the ‘Indira Sawhney and others Vs Union of India case’</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Eleven judges of the Supreme Court heard arguments from both sides. By a majority, the Supreme Court judges in 1992 declared that this order of the Government of India was valid. At the same time the Supreme Court asked the government to modify its original order. It said that well-to-do persons among the backward classes should be excluded from getting the benefit of reservation. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">∙</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Accordingly, the Department of Personnel and Training issued another Office Memorandum on September 8, 1993. The dispute thus came to an end and this policy has been followed since then.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q9. Describe the powers of the Supreme Court.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans 9</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">India has an integrated judiciary</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> which means the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country. Its decisions are binding on all other courts of the country. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Powers of the Supreme Court are</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">:</span></p><ol style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: lower-roman; padding-left: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It can take up any dispute</span></p></li></ol><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 6.5pt 0pt 3.75pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Between citizens of the country</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3.75pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Between citizens and government</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3.75pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Between two or more state governments</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3.75pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Between governments at the union and state level</span></p></li></ul><ol start="2" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: lower-roman; padding-left: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 10.25pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It is the highest court of appeal in criminal and civil cases.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: lower-roman; padding-left: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Supreme Court can hear appeals against decisions of the High Courts.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: lower-roman; padding-left: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution of the Country.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: lower-roman; padding-left: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The powers and independence of the judiciary allows it to act as the guardian of Fundamental Rights.</span></p></li></ol><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3.75pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q 10. Describe the powers and functions of the Prime Minister of India.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 10.25pt 0pt 3.75pt 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">OR </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Prime Minister is the head of the government. Justify the statement.</span></p><h3 dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 11.25pt 0pt 7.5pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ans 10</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Powers of the Prime Minister</span></h3><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As head of the government, the Prime Minister has wide-ranging powers, which are mentioned below:</span></p><ol style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Prime Minister chairs Cabinet meetings. He is the head of the government.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">He coordinates the work of different Departments.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">His decisions are final in case disagreements arise between Departments.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">He exercises general supervision of different ministries.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">All ministers work under his leadership.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Prime Minister distributes and redistributes work to the ministers.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">He has the power to dismiss ministers.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the Prime Minister quits, the entire ministry quits.</span></p></li></ol><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3.75pt 0pt;"> </p><br /><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">************************************************************************************************</span></p><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div></span>Moushmi Nirmal Palhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02277001549339089665noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-83329241016708290472022-01-16T02:46:00.000-08:002022-01-16T02:46:04.120-08:00FRENCH LESSON 7 NOTES<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">7. L’argent de
poche<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Grammaire : - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Les n</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">gations<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quelque chose
(something) # ne----rien (nothing/ not anything)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Elle mange quelque chose pour le petit d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">jeuner. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(She eats something for the
breakfast.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Elle ne mange rien pour le petit d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">jeuner. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(She eats nothing for breakfast./ she
doesn’t eat anything for the breakfast.)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quelqu’un (somebody/someone) #
ne----personne (nobody/ not anybody)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il regarde quelqu’un </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> la porte. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(He sees somebody at the door.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il ne regarde personne </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> la porte. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(He sees nobody at the door./ He
doesn’t see anybody at the door.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Toujours
(always), souvent (often) # ne ------ jamais (never)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ils sortent toujours/souvent.(They go out always/ often.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Ils ne sortent jamais. (They never go
out.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">D</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">j</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à (already)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> # ne ------ pas encore (not yet)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Stella d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">j</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> part pour l’</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">cole. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Stella already leaves for school.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Stella ne part pas encore pour l’</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">cole. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Stella doesn’t leave yet for
school.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quelque part (somewhere) # ne -----
nullepart (nowhere/ not anywhere)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">M. Vincent va quelquepart pour les
vacances. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Mr.Vincent
goes somewhere for the vacation.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">M. Vincent ne va nullepart pour les
vacances. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Mr. Vincent
doesn’t go anywhere for the vacation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Encore (still, yet) # ne -----plus (not anymore,
nomore)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Louis parle encore </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Denis. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Louis still talks to Denis.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Louis ne parle plus </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> Denis. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Louis does not talk to denis
anymore.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">---- et ---- (and/ either or) # ne
----- ni---ni------ (neither – nor)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Tu aimes
la glace et le g</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">â</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">teau ? </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(you
like ice cream and cake ?)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Non, je n’aime ni la glace ni le g</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">â</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">teau. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">( No, I neither like ice cream nor cake.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Tu
prends de la glace et du g</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">â</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">teau ? </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(You take the ice cream and the cake ?)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Non, je ne prends ni glace ni g</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">â</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">teau. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(No, I take neither ice cream nor cake.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Partitive
articles are removed from the sentence while making negation of this type. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Tout(everything)
/ Quelque chose # Rien ne-----<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Tout change. (everything changes.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Rien ne change. (Nothing changes.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Quelque chose tombe. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(something falls)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Rien ne tombe. (Nothing falls)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Tout le
monde (everybody)/ Quelqu’un # Personne ne-----<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Tout le monde mange du mal bouffe. (Everone
eats junk food.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Personne ne mange de mal bouffe. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(Nobody eats junk food.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quelqu’un frappe. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">(Someone knocks.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Personne ne frappe. (No one knocks.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les
pronoms personnels <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les
pronoms CODs – les pronoms compl</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">ments d’objet direct<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Me, te, le, la, l’, nous, vous,
les<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The above CODs replace the direct
object from the sentence.They remove the direct object.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">They are used in the second place in
the sentence. I.e. between the subject and the verb.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e.g.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il a <u>une voiture</u>. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(he has a car.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In this sentence ‘une voiture’ is a direct object.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It should be replaced by ‘la’. So it becomes ‘ Il la a. two vowels come
together so we write ‘Il l’a.’ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(He has
it.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e.g.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>1) je fais <u>le devoir. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– Je <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">le
</b>fais. (I do it)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2) tu regardes <u>les spectacles.</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tu <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">les </b>regardes. ( You watch those.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">3) Il me parle – He talks to me.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">4) Il te parle – He talks to you.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">5) Il nous parle – He talks to us.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">6) Il vous parle – He talks to you.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">*<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Les pronoms COIDs – les pronoms compl</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">ments
d’objet indirect <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Me, te,
lui, nous, vous, leur<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The above COIDs replace the indirect
object from the sentence. They remove the indirect object.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">They are used in the second place.
i.e. between the subject and the verb.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Following table shows the common
verbs with indirect object<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">verb<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">example<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Pronom COID<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Conseiller </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to advise s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les parents conseillent
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> <u>leur
fils</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les parents lui
conseillent.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Demander
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to
ask s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Je demande </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à mon professeur.</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Je lui demande.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Dire </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to say to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il dit </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> toi</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">.</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il te dit.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Ecrire </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to write to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Elle </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">crit <u>aux parents</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Elle leur </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">crit.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Donner </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to give to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il donne les fleurs </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à sa sœur.</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il lui donne les
fleurs.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Envoyer </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to send to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Elle envoie un cadeau </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> ses amis.<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Elle leur envoie un
cadeau.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Ob</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">ir </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to obey to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">tudiants ob</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">issent <u>au professeur</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">tudiants lui ob</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">issent.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Offrir </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to offer to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Ils offrent des cadeaux
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> leur
ami.<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Ils lui offrent un
cadeau.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Parler </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to talk to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Nous parlons <u>au</u> <u>directeur.<o:p></o:p></u></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Nous lui parlons.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Permettre </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to permit to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Je permets </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> mon fils </span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">de regarder le film.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Je lui permets de
regarder le film.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Proposer </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to suggest to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il propose <u>aux amis</u>
d’aller au cin</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">ma.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il leur propose d’aller
au cin</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">ma.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Raconter </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to recite/tell s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Je raconte mon voyage </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> mes parents.<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Je leur raconte mon
voyage.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">R</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">pondre </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to respond/answer to s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">L’</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">tudiant r</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">pond au professeur.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">L’</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">tudiant lui r</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">pond.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">T</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">l</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">phoner </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> qn – to call s.o.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" valign="top" width="208">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il t</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">l</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">phone </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à ses amis.</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 132.3pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Il leur t</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">l</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">phone.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Please note that all the above verbs are followed by a
preposition ‘</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">’ so the object is
called indirect object.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">To use CODs/COIDs in negative sentence.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Je ne le fais pas. -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don’t do it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">To use CODs/COIDs in imperative aff/neg<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">T</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">l</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">phone </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> ton ami! – T</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">l</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">phone –
lui !<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Ne t</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">l</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">phone
pas </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> ton
ami ! – Ne lui t</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">l</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">phone
pas !<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Les pronoms sujets – the pronouns used for subjects are
following.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Je, tu, il, elle, nous, vous,
ils, elles<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e.g. </span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1) M. Lavigne apporte un parapluie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Il
apporte un parapluie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">2) H</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">l</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">è</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">ne joue avec sa
poup</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e. –
Elle joue avec sa poup</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3) Les arbres sont
grands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>---- Ils sont grands.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4) Les feuilles jaunissent. – Elles
jaunissent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">* Les<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>adjectifs interrogatifs –<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are used to ask questions. They mean
‘which or what’<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">1)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Quel – masc.sing. noun<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Quel manteau
aimes-tu?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">2)Quelle – fem.sing.noun<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Quelle couleur aimes-tu?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">3)Quels – masc.plural.noun<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Quels restaurants sont bons dans la ville ?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Quelles
– fem. Plural.noun<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Quelles sont les saisons de l’ann</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e ?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Culture et civilization – <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les
enfants re</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ç</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">oivent de l’argent de poche – r</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">guli</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">è</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">rement,
pour les f</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ê</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">tes, pour les anniversaires, pour les
bonnes notes aux examens<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Qu’est-ce
que les enfants font avec leur argent de poche ?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Ils vont aux caf</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">s avec
des amis , ils vont au cin</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">ma, ach</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">è</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">tent les cadeaux pour les amis, ach</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">è</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">tent des
DVDs, BDs etc., </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">conomisent de l’argent. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Qu’est-ce
que les enfants font pour gagner l’argent de poche ?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Ils font les petits boulots comme
laver les voitures, faire du baby sitting,promener les chiens des voisins,
aider aux voisins </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> faire le m</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">nage.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">En
France les enfants de moins de 16 ans n’ont pas le droit de travailler.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pour
ouvrir un compte sur livret </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> la banque ou </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> la
poste il faut – * une carte d’identit</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>*l’autorisation des parents<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>*un premier versement de 50 euros.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">6.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Avec la Carte Junior on peut retirer de
l’argent<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>du distributeur.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><br /><p></p>Anagha Haldehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02257960455344698661noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-72941832641804311112022-01-16T02:43:00.002-08:002022-01-16T02:43:31.516-08:00FRENCH LESSON 8 NOTES<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>8. Faire des ahats<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Grammaire –<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Le pronom partitif “en”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It
is used to replace nouns with partitive articles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e.g. Il mange des escargots. – Il en
mange. (he eats it.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Elle boit du lait. ----------- Elle en boit. (She drinks it)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It
is used to replace number adjectives.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e.g. J’ai quatre stylos. ----- J’en ai.
(I have them/it.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It
is used to replace nouns with les adverbs de quantit</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e.g. Tu prends beaucoup de vin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Tu en prends beaucoup. ( you drink it a
lot)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is used to replace ‘de/d’/du/des/de la +
name of a place/city/country’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">e.g. Ils viennent des Etats- Unis. ---
Ils en viennent.(They come from there).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Je viens de la piscine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>------
J’en viens.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">In negation --- Il n’en mange pas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elle n’en boit pas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Je n’en ai pas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tu n’en prends pas
beaucoup.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Je n’en viens pas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Les expressions de quantit</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> –<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Un peu de – a little/a small/a few<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beaucoup de – a lot of/many/much<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Assez de – enough<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Trop de – too much<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Peu de – little/few<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quelques – some<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Combien de – how many<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Le conditionnel de politesse
(present) – </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It is
used to express the politeness in the conversation.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Formation – Take the futur radical of
the verb and add the endings of l’imparfait<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Radicle
of futur + ais/ais/ait/ions/iez/aient<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">E.g. aimer – radical is ‘aimer’<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">J’aimerais – I would like<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tu aimerais – you would like<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Il/elle/on aimerait – he/she/everyone would like<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nous aimerions – we would like <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vous aimeriez – you would like <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ils/elles aimeraient – they would like<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Culture and civilization – <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Les magasins <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Le magasin<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Les produits<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Une boulangerie<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Le pain, les croissants,
le pain au chocolat, la bagauette<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">picerie<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Le caf</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">, le th</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">, l’eau min</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">rale,la farine, le sucre, le
sel <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Une boucherie(raw meat mainly of cattle)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les biftecks(steak –
beef in thick slices/cow meat), les c</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ô</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">telettes ( chops), la viande de veau(calf), de bœuf(beef),et
de mouton(sheep),<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Une charcuterie (baked/salted meat)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Le porc, les saucisses(meat
pieces), le jambon (ham - pigleg)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une p</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">â</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">tisserie<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">La tarte aux pommes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une fromagerie<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un camembert,le gruy</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">è</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">re<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une cr</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">è</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">merie<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Le lait, les œufs, le
beurre<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une papiterie<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les cahiers, les
livres, les stylos, les crayons <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un march</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 295.1pt;" valign="top" width="393">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Les fruits et le l</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">gumes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Les fruits<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Les l</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">gumes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une pomme – apple<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">pinard – spinach<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une banane – banana<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une tomate – tomato<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un raisin – grape<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une pomme de terre –
potato<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un ananas- pinapple<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une aubergine – brinjal<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une pr</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">û</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">ne – a plum<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un oignon – onion<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une cerise - cherry<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une carotte – carrot<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une fraise - strawberry<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un chou – cabbage<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une poire – pear<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un chou-fleur –
cauliflower<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une mangue – mango<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un concombre – cucumber<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une past</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">è</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">que - watermelon<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un poivron vert –
capcicum<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un citron – sweet lime<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un potiron – pumpkin<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une goyave – guava<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un haricot vert –
french beans<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une p</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ê</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">che – peach<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un radis – raddish<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une orange - orange<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une petit pois – green
pea<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un ma</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ï</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">s – maize<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Un brocoli<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.4pt;" valign="top" width="301">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Une courgette - squash<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><br /><p></p>Anagha Haldehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02257960455344698661noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-76853652510214011212021-12-08T06:01:00.006-08:002021-12-08T06:01:53.496-08:00Climate<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FEFDFA;"><b><u><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Std 9- Geography- CLIMATE<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p style="background: #FEFDFA; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What do you mean by Coriolis force?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">An apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation. The Coriolis
force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern
hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere. This is also known
as Ferrel’s Law.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> “India’s climate
has characteristics of tropical as well as sub-tropical climates” Discuss.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country
from the Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. Almost half of the
country, lying south of the Tropic of Cancer, belongs to the tropical area. A1
the remaining area, north, of the Tropic, lies in the sub-tropics. Therefore,
India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical
climates.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">State three dominant characteristics of the Indian
monsoon.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Indian monsoon is characterised by the following three
dominant features :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">•Seasonal reversal of direction in wind system: The monsoon
winds blow from land to sea in winter and from sea to land in summer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">•Seasonal heavy rainfall and drought are common features of the
Indian monsoon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">•In spite of local variations in climatic conditions, it unites
the whole country in a single climatic thread of monsoon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What do you mean by Southern Oscillation?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Normally when the tropical eastern south Pacific Ocean
experiences high pressure, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean experiences low
pressure. But in certain years, there is a reversal in the pressure conditions
and the eastern Pacific has lower pressure in comparison to the eastern Indian
Ocean. This periodic change in pressure conditions is known as the Southern
Oscillation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A feature connected with the SO is the El Nino phenomenon in
which a warm ocean current flows past the Peruvian Coast, in place of the
cold Peruvian current, every 2 to 5 years. The changes in pressure conditions
are connected to the El Nino. Hence, the phenomenon is referred to as ENSO (El
Nino Southern Oscillations).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Why do the Western Ghats receive more rainfall than the
Eastern Ghats?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In terms of relief, the Western Ghats are much higher in
comparison to the Eastern Ghats. The Western Ghats are continuous stretches of
high mountains.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Therefore, when the moisture-laden Arabian Sea branch of
Southwest Monsoon first strikes the Western Ghats, it brings heavy rainfall
along the windward side of the Western Ghats. In the Eastern Ghats, rain, bearing
winds of Southwest Monsoon do not face such orographic barrier and hence receive a much lower amount of rainfall.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The coastal areas of India do not register any
significant change in temperature even during the winter and summer. Why?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The coastal areas of India do not register any significant
seasonal changes in temperature due to the following reasons :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(a) The influence of the surrounding sea keeps them with equable
temperature conditions such as the mean monthly temperature of
Thiruvananthapuram and Mumbai fluctuates very slightly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(b) As we know the sea waters are reservoirs of warmth and
they get heated and cooled down slowly due to conventional processes of heating
and cooling and, hence, they remain warmer in winter and cooler in summer,
keeping the coastal areas equable in temperature.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(c) The warm ocean currents, too, keep the coastal areas at almost
equable temperatures throughout the year.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">7. Write a
short note on withdrawal or retreat of monsoon.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Withdrawal or the retreat of the monsoon is a more gradual
process. The withdrawal . of the monsoon begins in the northwestern states of India
by early September. By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern
half of the peninsula. The withdrawal from the southern half of the peninsula
is rapid. By early December, the monsoon has withdrawn from the rest of the
country.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The islands receive the very first monsoon showers,
progressively from south to north, from the last week of April to the first
week of May. The withdrawal takes place progressively from north to south from
the first week of December to the first week of January. By this time the rest
of the country is already under the influence of the winter monsoon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The western part of Rajasthan remains almost dry
during the southwest monsoon season. Give three reasons in support of this
statement.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The western part of Rajasthan remains almost dry during the south-west monsoon Season because:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">•These monsoon winds flow from the east, dropping much of its
moisture along the path. When they reach Rajasthan, they are almost dry.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">•There is no mountain high enough to check the flow of the
Arabian Sea branch of monsoon winds. The Aravalli Mountains are not very high.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">•The direction of the Aravalli Mountains is parallel to the
direction of Arabian Sea<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">winds. Hence, these winds cross over Rajasthan without giving
rainfall.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">•The heat of the west Rajasthan desert does not allow the
condensation of moisture to take place and hence, no rain is occurring..<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Distinguish between southwest monsoon and northeast
monsoon.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Southwest Monsoon <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(i)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The summer period is marked by the southwest
monsoons. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: #FEFDFA; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(ii)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(ii) The southwest monsoon blow in a southwest
direction to the mainland of India from June to September.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(iii)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It blows in India into two branches namely the
Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: #FEFDFA; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(iv)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The southwest monsoon are warm winds. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: #FEFDFA;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Northeast Monsoon<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: #FEFDFA; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(i)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The winter period is marked by the northeast monsoon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: #FEFDFA; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(ii)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The northwest monsoon blow in a northeasterly
direction across India from mid-November to February<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(iii)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It does not possess any branches.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: #FEFDFA; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(iv)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">These are cold winds.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: #FEFDFA; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What do you mean by El Nino?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This is the name given to the periodic development of a warm
ocean current along the coast of Peru as a temporary replacement of the cold
Peruvian current.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">‘El Nino’ is a Spanish word meaning ‘the child’, and refers to
the baby Christ, as this current starts flowing during Christmas. The presence
of the El Nino leads to an increase in sea-surface temperature and a weakening of
the trade winds in the region.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What are the three features of Advancing Monsoon?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The three features of Advancing Monsoon are :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• By early June, the low-pressure condition over the northern
plains intensifies. It attracts the trade winds of the southern hemisphere.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• These south-east trade winds originate over the warm
subtropical areas of the southern oceans. They cross the equator and blow in a
south-westerly direction entering the Indian peninsula as the south-west
monsoon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• As these winds blow over warm oceans, they bring abundant
moisture to the subcontinent. These winds are strong and blow at an average
velocity of 30 km per hour.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Give a brief account of the hot weather season in
India.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The period between March to May is the hot weather season or
summer in India.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The characteristic features of the hot weather season are as
follows :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• Due to the apparent northward movement of the sun, the global
heat belt shifts northwards.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• The influence of the shifting of the heat belt can be seen
clearly from temperature recordings taken during March-May at different
latitudes. In March, the highest temperature is about 38° Celsius, recorded on
the Deccan plateau.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• In April, temperatures in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat are
around 42°C. In May, a temperature of 45°C is common in the northwestern parts of the
country. In temperature remain lower due to Peninsular India, which has
moderated to influence of the oceans.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• The summer months experience rising temperature and falling
air pressure in the northern part of the country. Towards the end of May, an
elongated low-pressure area develops in the region extending from the Thar
Desert in the northwest to Patna and Chotanagpur plateau in the east and
southeast. Circulation of air begins to set in around this trough.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• Strong, gusty, hot, dry winds, locally called ‘loo’, blow
during the day over the north and northwestern India. They may continue until
late in the evening.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• Dust storms are common during the month of May in Punjab,
Haryana, Delhi, Eastern Rajasthan, and Western Uttar Pradesh. Sometimes, they
bring light rain and a pleasant cool breeze that provide temporary relief from
the heat.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• High temperature during the day causes violent, localised
thunderstorms by the evening. These thunderstorms are associated with violent
winds, torrential downpours, often accompanied by hail. These storms are known
as ‘Kaal Baisakhi’ or calamity of the month of Baisakh in West Bengal. (Any
flue)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Describe the effect of western cyclonic disturbances
on the Indian climate?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The western cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the
winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">They affect the climate of India in the following ways :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• By causing cyclonic rainfall in the month of winter, which is
otherwise dry, the region of western cyclonic disturbances influence the
weather of the north and north-western India.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• These low-pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean
Sea and Western Asia and move into India, along with the easterly flow.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• They cause the much-needed winter rains over the plains and
snowfall in the mountains.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">• Although the total amount of winter rainfall, locally known as
‘Mahawat’ is small, it is very useful for rabi crops. These winds are called
western cyclonic disturbances since they came from the western part of India.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250); margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Write a brief account of the conditions and
characteristics of the retreating monsoons.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The months of October-November mark a period of transition from
hot rainy season to cold dry winter conditions. With the apparent movement of
the sun southwards, the low-pressure monsoon trough over the Northern Plains
weakens and is gradually replaced by a high-pressure system. The low-pressure
conditions shift to the Bay of Bengal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and a rise in
temperature. While day temperatures are high, nights are cool and pleasant. The
land is still moist.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As a result, the southwest monsoon winds weaken and start
withdrawing gradually from India. By the beginning of October, it withdraws
from the Northern Plains. This period is known as the Retreating Monsoon<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Retreating Monsoon season is marked by clear skies and a rise
in temperature. While days are warm, nights are cool and pleasant. High rate of
evaporation from the land that is still moist results in high humidity and
oppressive weather conditions during the day. This phenomenon is known as
‘October heat’.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The low-pressure conditions, cyber northwestern India, get
transferred to the Bay of Bengal by early November. This shift is associated
with the occurrence of cyclonic depressions, which originate over the Andaman
Sea.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: rgb(254, 253, 250);"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The deltas region of the Godavari, the Krishna, and the Kaveri
are frequently struck by cyclones, which cause great damage to life and
property. Sometimes, these cyclones arrive at the coasts of Odisha, West Bengal, and Bangladesh. The bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel Coast is derived
from depressions and cyclones.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span> </p>Moushmi Nirmal Palhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02277001549339089665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-83310016719147130642021-12-03T06:02:00.002-08:002021-12-03T06:02:42.278-08:00THE BEGGAR CLASS 9<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/130FABdYJcoXNEXXt0gjJdYIC94Xc44fu/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL Q/A</a><div><br /><div><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ExCMrg02ukHChjGqXdUtPUOtAs3OBD3A/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yiEv0G2P09IK6IdsqIzsgRb5RYIIZVAW/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></div><div><br /></div></div>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-66356342673702740732021-12-03T05:58:00.001-08:002021-12-03T05:58:10.275-08:00IF I WERE YOU CLASS 9 <p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/13PXfZeru9JqGGFb4T3mbzEHA651K-sh-/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL Q/A</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GSaXZEF7ECO55yQdh-gL-3-C6geTELGt/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a0ZO5xiJfL47o-FwshNDRM8DOx0R3Ee2/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a> <br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-20970324570642037752021-12-03T05:38:00.002-08:002021-12-03T05:38:19.711-08:00THE SNAKE TRYING CLASS 9<p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1c5fWOxEkQ9o8SWJEfRHzx2d3TxDSBt-_/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL Q/A</a> </p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rRs8AXm6hckxbm_S6GtbNSG42Y9gie2K/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SrEgkuAV9OvlMiZ1hIi84bVAJ9Eanmb9/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-79501956684637550592021-12-03T05:22:00.002-08:002021-12-03T05:22:28.599-08:00A HOUSE IS NOT A HOME CLASS 9<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cWz8okBakGk22KlAaYRxqWzDGig6jkMT/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL Q/A</a><br /><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWNUqsNOrPDGalNBsNShG9rkNCszT1PO/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XY9w4FbzwqLpTYYvnEYrMuWJ8oRDqRBv/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">WORSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></div><div><br /></div>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-34830198066757209192021-12-03T05:14:00.000-08:002021-12-03T05:14:02.497-08:00ON KILLING A TREE CLASS 9 <p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EyDjK0SRrVWHyccskTop56xUoz1bBD-6/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL Q/P</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HC3b6r7B8HiL5t_PrATDzf1Nj4LwK8uP/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Q8414xZSUIWqYyOwu-sYdAtEQnbUcHRh/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-50640576607935331642021-12-03T05:05:00.004-08:002021-12-03T05:05:36.444-08:00The Last Leaf Class 9<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ftZHgTjPFRz4W6io4pthFnxweS1BNOrG/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL Q/A</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/18gfyA8ig2AIxQgrGKLMfCxU3LZDNBAkN/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VjQeRUbhHuMNKSt9AAMLPvdELSqRR2PK/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-37443280575209529032021-11-25T20:29:00.000-08:002021-11-25T20:29:22.309-08:00POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE<p> <span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 24pt; font-weight: 700; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: underline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Std 9 – Economics- Poverty as a challenge</span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-f77fbdfe-7fff-5fad-1473-c82e7264e9f3"><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q1. What is poverty? What are the dimensions of poverty?</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Poverty is a situation in which a person is unable to get the minimum necessities of life.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Due to poverty poor people are in a situation in which they are ill-treated at almost every place.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The dimensions of poverty are :</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Poverty means hunger and lack of shelter.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is a situation in which parents are not able to send their children to school or a situation where sick people cannot afford treatment.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Poverty also means lack of clean water and sanitation facilities.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It also means lack of a regular job at a minimum decent level.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Poor people are in a situation in which they are ill-treated at almost every place, in farms, factories, government offices, hospitals, railway stations etc.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q2. Discuss the various groups that are vulnerable to poverty.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The following groups are vulnerable to poverty :</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Social Groups: Social groups, which are most vulnerable to poverty are Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe households. Although, the average for people below poverty line for all groups in India is 22, 43 out of 100 people belonging to Scheduled Tribes are not able to meet their basic needs.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Economic Groups: Among the economic groups, the most vulnerable groups are the rural agricultural labour households and the urban casual labour households.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Inequality of incomes within a family: There is also inequality of incomes within a family. In poor families, all suffer, but some suffer more than others. In some cases, women, elderly people and female infants are denied equal access to resources available to the family.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q3. How does rapid growth rate of population increase poverty in a country?</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rapid growth of population in comparison to the rate of growth of resources hampers the process of economic development.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Increase in population reduces the per capita income and lowers the standard of living in an economy.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In India, rapid growth of population has put in more stress on its economic and social infrastructure and thereby, aggravating the problem of poverty and unemployment.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Due to the enormous population, a large portion of national income is used on consumption and less is left for saving which, in turn, reduces the capital formation.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As a result of low capital formation, enough employment opportunities cannot be created which further aggravate the problem of poverty. Poor people in India are ignorant, illiterate and have very few means of entertainment. So, they end up adding more to the population.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q4. How can poverty be reduced in the future in India?</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Poverty can be reduced in the following ways :</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Increasing stress on universal free elementary education</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Increasing empowerment of women and the economically weaker sections of society.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Declining population growth.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Avoiding caste and gender discrimination.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Improving healthcare, education and job security.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Removing inequality of wealth among people.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q5. What are the major reasons for less effectiveness of anti-poverty measures?</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The major reasons for less effectiveness of anti-poverty measures are :</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One of the major reasons for less effectiveness is the lack of proper implementation and right targeting.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Moreover, there has been a lot of overlapping of schemes.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despite good intentions, the benefits of these schemes are not fully reached to the deserving poor.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Therefore, the major emphasis in recent years is on proper monitoring of all the poverty alleviation programmes.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q6. ‘One historical reason is the low level of economic development under the British colonial administration.’ Explain.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of industries like textiles.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The low rate of growth persisted until the nineteen eighties. This resulted in less job opportunities and a low growth rate of incomes.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This was accompanied by a high growth rate of population. The two combined to make the growth rate of per capita income very low. The failure at both the fronts: promotion of economic growth and population control perpetuated the cycle of poverty.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q7. Give an account of the inter-state disparities in poverty in India. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">States with poverty ratio more than the national average: Orissa, Bihar, Assam, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh are the most poverty ridden states of India. The poverty ratio in these states is much higher than the national average. Orissa and Bihar are the poorest states with a poverty ratio of 47 and 43 respectively. Most of these states are facing rural as well as urban poverty.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">States with poverty ratio less than the national average: Recent studies show that in 20 states and union territories, the poverty ratio is less than the national average. There has been a significant decline in poverty ratio in Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and West Bengal.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">States with low poverty ratio: States like Punjab, Haryana, Goa, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu Kashmir have very low percentage of population living below the poverty line.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q8. “There is a strong link between economic growth and poverty reduction.” Explain.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Over a period of thirty years lasting up to the early eighties, there were little per capita income growth and not much reduction in poverty. Official poverty estimates which were about 45 per cent in the early 1950s remained the same even in the early eighties.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Since the eighties, India’s economic growth has been one of the fastest in the world. The growth rate jumped from an average of about 3.5% a year in the 1970s to about 6 % during the 1980s and 1990s. The higher growth rates have helped significantly in the reduction of poverty.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Economic growth widens opportunities and provides the resources needed to invest in human development.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q9. Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">British Rule</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: Britishers ruled India for more than 100 years. Prior to British rule, traditional industries, for instance, textiles, flourished in India. During British rule, the government adopted policies to discourage such industries. This left millions of weavers poor. Even after fifty years of independent India, we can find a major section of the people engaged in handicraft industries as downtrodden.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lack of industrialisation:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> India is very backward from the industrial point of view. Hardly 3 percent of the total working population is engaged in the large- scale industry.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Over dependence on agriculture</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: Even after more than 60 years of independence more than 60 per cent of our total population still depends on agriculture for its livelihood. Due to shortage of inputs, our agriculture is backward.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Inflationary pressure</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: Upward trend in prices adversely affects the poor sections of the society.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Noto Sans Symbols", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unemployment</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: Due to lack of job opportunities, more than 90 lakhs of our total working force is unemployed.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q10. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Explain the two methods to estimate the poverty line. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The two methods used to estimate poverty line are: –</span></p><ol style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Income method</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In this method, the poverty line is estimated with the help of minimum income required. In the year 2011-12, the poverty line for a person was fixed at ₹ 816 per month</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">for the rural areas and ₹ 1,000 per month for the urban areas. The higher amount for urban areas has been fixed because of high prices of essential products in urban areas.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Consumption method</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In this method, the average calorie requirement of a person is multiplied to the current prices. The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2,400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2,100 calories per person per day in urban areas.</span></p></li></ol><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q11. Elucidate the targeted anti-poverty programmes undertaken by the government.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The government has launched many schemes affecting poverty directly or indirectly. Some of the</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">most important programmes are:</span></p><ol style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It aims to provide 100 days of wage employment to every household to ensure security of livelihood in rural areas. It also aims at sustainable development to address the causes of drought, soil erosion and deforestation. One-third of the proposed jobs have been reserved for women under this scheme. The share of SCs, STs and women in the scheme are 23%, 17% and 53% respectively. The average wage has increased from ₹ 65 in 2006-07 to ₹ 132 in 2013-14.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It was started in 1993. The aim of the scheme is to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in the rural areas and towns. The youth are provided assistance in setting up small businesses and industries.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It was launched in 1995. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It was launched in 1999. The aim is to bring the assisted poor families above the poverty line by organising them into Self-Help Groups (SHGs) with the help of bank credit and government subsidy.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It was launched in 2000. Under this, additional central assistance is given to states for basic services like primary health, primary education, rural drinking water and rural electrification.</span></p></li></ol><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 16.3pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Q12. What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005?</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0070c0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Answer:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 are:</span></p><ol style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Act assures 100 days employment every year to every rural household.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It also aimed at sustainable development to address the cause of drought, deforestation and soil erosion.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One-third of the jobs are reserved for women.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The share of SCs, STs and women are 23 per cent, 17 per cent and 53 per cent respectively, (ie) Under this, the average wage has increased from ₹ 65 in 2006-07 to ₹ 132 in 2013-14.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: -10.95pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The scheme provided employment to 220 crores person days of employment to 4.78 crore households.</span></p></li></ol></span>Moushmi Nirmal Palhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02277001549339089665noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-7225808130768499312021-11-22T06:00:00.002-08:002021-11-22T06:00:24.587-08:00Electoral Politics<p> <span style="font-size: medium;">Answer the following :</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">1. What makes an election democratic?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans: There are certain conditions that make an election</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">democratic.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> The election must be held regularly every 5</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">years.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Every eligible voter must have one vote</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">with equal value.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> There should be more than 1 party so</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">that voters can get some real choice.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Elections should be conducted in a free</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">and fair manner and people should</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">have felt the freedom to vote for any</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">candidate they like</span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">2. What is the purpose of an election photo identity card ( EPIC )?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans: the main purpose of election photo identity card (EPIC) is</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">to ensure that no votes are in place of someone else.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">3. Who used the slogan “ protect the self-respect of Telugus”?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans: “ Protect the self-respect of Telugus” was the slogan</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">used by N.T. Rama, the leader of the Telugu Desam Party.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">4. Write any 5 demerits of electoral competitions.</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans: the demerits of electoral competitions are:-</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> An electoral competition creates a sense of</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">‘descent & ‘factionalism’ in every locality.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> The pressure of winning electoral fights</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">does not allow sensible long term politics to</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">be formulated.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Some good people who wish to serve the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">the country does not enter the arena as they do</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">not like the unhealthy competition in</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">politics.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Candidates who ask to vote for communal</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">and caste line destroy the basic idea of</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">democracy.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Different political parties and candidates</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">often use dirty tricks ( like distributing</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">liquor, money among the poor sections of</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">voters ) to win the elections.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">5. What is the model code of conduct for the election campaign?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans: a set of norms and guidelines to be followed by political</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">and contesting candidates during election time is known as</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">the model code of conduct. according to this no party and</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">candidate can:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Use any place of worship of election propaganda.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Use government vehicles of officials or elections.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Once elections are announced, ministers shall not</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">lay foundation stones of any projects, or take any</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">big policy decisions or make any promises of</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">providing public facilities.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">6. How does electoral competition help the political parties</span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">and leaders to win elections?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans :</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Regular electoral competitions provide</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">incentives to political parties and leaders.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> They know that if they raise issues that</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">people want to be raised, their</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">popularity and chances of victory will</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">increase in the next elections.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> But if they fail to satisfy the voters with</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">their work, they will not be able to win</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">again.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">7. How does the principle of ‘ universal adult franchise’ work</span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">in the Indian democracy?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans: universal adult franchise means that everyone has 1</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">vote and each vote should have equal value. no one should</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">be denied the right to vote without good reasons. In India, all</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">citizens aged 18 years and above can vote in elections. every</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">citizen has the right to vote, regardless of caste, religion, and</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">gender. some criminals and people with unsound minds can be</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">denied the right to vote, but also in rare situations. Every 5</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">years complete revision of the voter’s list takes place so that</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">the names of the new voters who have attained the voting</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">age are included and names of those who have moved to</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">some other place or are dead can be deleted.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">8. Why were ‘reserved constituencies devised for the weaker</span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">sections by remarks of the Indian constitution?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> the constitution-makers are worried that in an</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">open electoral competition, certain weaker</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">sections may not stand a good chance to get</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">elected to the Lok Sabha and to the state</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">legislature assemblies.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> they may not have the required resources</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">education and contacts to contests and win</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">elections against others.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Those who are influential and resourceful may</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">present them from winning the elections.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> If that happens our parliament and assemblies</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">will be deprived of the voice of a significant</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">section of the population.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">9. How does a party fill a nomination for its candidate?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans :</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> In order to be a candidate, the minimum age</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">is 25 years.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Political parties nominate their candidates</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">who get the party symbol and support.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Party’s nomination is often called party</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">‘ticket’.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Every person who wishes to contest an</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">election has to fill a ‘nomination form’ and</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">give some money as a ‘security deposit’. If the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">information is not correct, the nomination</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">can be canceled and the security deposit is</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">returned.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">10. How is campaigning done for elections held in India?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans :</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> In India, election campaigns take place for a 2-</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">week period between the announcement of</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">the final list of candidates and the date of</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">polling.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> During the period, the candidates contact their</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">voters.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Political leaders address election meetings and</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">political parties mobilize their supporters.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> This is also the period when the newspapers</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">and television news broadcasting channels are</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">full of election-related stories and debates.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> During elections campaigns, political parties</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">try to focus the public attention on some big</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">issues.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> They want the public to vote for their parties</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">on that basis.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">11. Write some of the successful slogans given by different</span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">political parties in various elections.</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans :</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> GARIBI HATAO: was the slogan of the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Congress party, led by Indira Gandhi in the Lok</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Sabha elections of 1971. The party promised to</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">prepare all politics to remove property from</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">the country.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> SAVE DEMOCRACY: was the slogan of the Janta</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Party in the Lok Sabha elections of 1977. The</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">party promised to undo the excess committed</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">during the emergency and restore civil rights.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> LAND TO TILLER: was the slogan used by the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">left front in West Bengal assembly elections</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">held in 1977.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> PROTECT THE SELF RESPECT OF TELEGUS: was</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">the slogan used by N.T. Ram Rao, the leader</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">of the Telegu Desam Party in the Andhra Pradesh</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">assembly elections in 1983.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">12. How are ‘polls’ conducted in India?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> The final stage of an election is when</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">voters cast their vote in the polling</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">booth . that day is usually called the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">election day</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Every person whose name is on the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">voters list can go to the nearby polling</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">booth situated usually in a local school</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">or government office.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Once the voter goes inside the polling</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">booth the election officials identify</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">him/her by putting a mark on his or her</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">finger and allow him/her to cast their</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">vote.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> An agent of each candidate is allowed</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">to sit inside the polling booth and</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">ensure that the voting takes place in a</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">fair manner.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> A ballot paper is placed in which the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">names of contesting candidates along</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">with their party name and symbols are</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">listed.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Nowadays electronic voting machine</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">(EVM) are used to record voice.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> The machine shows the names of the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">candidates and parts symbols</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">independent, allotted by the election</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">officials.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Each voter has to press the button</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">against the name of the candidate,</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">he/she wants to vote for.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">13. What powers are exercised by the election commission of</span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">India?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> The election commission (EC) controls the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">election right from the announcement of the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">elections till the results of the election.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> It implements the code of conduct and punishes</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">any candidate or party that violates it.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> During the election period, the EC can order the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">government to focus some guidelines to prevent</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">the use and misuse of government power enhance</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">its chances to win the elections or transfer some</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">government officials.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> If the EC comes to know that the polling was not</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">fair in some booths or even an entire</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">constituency, they order repolling.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">14. What does a voter turn out during an election in India</span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">signify?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Peoples participation in elections is usually</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">measured by the voter's turnout figure.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Turnout indicates the percent of eligible</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">voters who can actually cast their votes.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> In India poor, illiterate and the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">underprivileged people vote in larger</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">proportions as compared to the rich and</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">privileged section.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Common people in India attach a lot of</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">importance to the election. they fell that</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">through elections, they can bing pressure</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">and political parties to adopt policies and</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">programs favorable for them.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> The interest of voters, in election-related</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">activities have been increasing over the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">years.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>15. what are the challenges to free and fair elections in India</b><b>?</b></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans :</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Candidates and parties with a lot of money may</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">not be sure of their victory but they enjoy a big</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">and unfair advantage over smaller parties and</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">independents.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> In some parts of the country, candidates with</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">criminal connections have been able to secure a</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">‘ticket from major parties.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Some families tend to dominate the political</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">parties, tickets are distributed to relatives from</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">these families.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Very often elections offer little choice to ordinary</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">citizens as both the major parties are similar to</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">each other in their policies and practices.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Smaller parties and independent candidates</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">suffer a huge disadvantage as compared to bigger</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">parties.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">16. Examine the need for the reserved constituency in India.</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Ans:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> The constitution-makers were worried that in</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">an open electoral competition, certain</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">weaker sections may not stand a chance to</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">get elected o the Lok sabha and the states</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">legislative assembly.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> They may not have the required resources,</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">education and contacts to contest and win</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">elections against others.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Those who are influential and resourceful,</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">may prevent them from winning elections.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> If that happens, our parliament and</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">assemblies would be deprived of the voice if</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">a significant section of our population.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> That would make our democracy less</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">representative and less democratic .so, the</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">makers of our constitution in the thought of a</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">special system of reserved constituencies for</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">the weaker sections.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>></span></p>Moushmi Nirmal Palhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02277001549339089665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-33838122019509703812021-11-19T22:58:00.002-08:002021-11-19T22:58:32.814-08:00The Bond of Love class 9<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h-7D_rEqnoVdW_Kj08AtRB9xMG6jetPZ/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL Q/A</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1r6hROKoH31-HJpQayr_0xj52k-EJCWcy/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ebpuWm4EpKz19AFc8Kb7fCr3JDrAiGbT/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-22111886450528585472021-11-19T22:53:00.005-08:002021-11-19T22:54:16.515-08:00Reach for the Top Class 9 English<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1x6v4Ty-73ADMYrqWf4wPg76MwHgKAo8Y/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL QP</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EBpf-ZecaT2yjqBBMd8fRnIVtNmFDk2h/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/12HE8l7AS3864pPFds8OkEZ7Jj_hL2Iy1/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-90191440173700936172021-11-19T22:40:00.004-08:002021-11-19T22:40:31.491-08:00Weathering the Storm in Ersama Class 9 English<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jc8TJeb5Nnyf8-HeYjjuHJCl_vwbamhQ/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL Q/A</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ka6a63GHauAmwPaJnLDbPWek0cBcEWdE/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QUeESo-7l6Q4twEK3-GuppYvGH3o4aR-/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-9533406984143118932021-11-19T22:36:00.003-08:002021-11-19T22:36:34.269-08:00No Men Are Foreign Class 9<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OZmEWWJy_Vks_AXrsVDfbHqRoqB6qTUX/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">TEXTUAL Q/A</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yABNIiuvmSzRVJRaYOMlPuEy_ju3qi_5/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NG48m5MgiooHjak7gr1BfXnAG0tZhiEP/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-18784500894050104392021-11-19T22:32:00.000-08:002021-11-19T22:32:05.387-08:00PACKING CLASS 9<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nYGgNaWNRmk-0ujlB3DWqn-s17tuiJY3/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Textual Q/A</a></p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nYGgNaWNRmk-0ujlB3DWqn-s17tuiJY3/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">WORKSHEET QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VYzPdIRlP87tASDv_qKUzSXu40S69jLu/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">WORKSHEET ANSWERS</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-46317100660142807502021-11-09T04:12:00.001-08:002021-11-09T04:12:43.916-08:00The rise of Hilter ans Nazism<p> <b><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Very
Short Answer Questions (VSAQs): </span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">1. Who was the
propaganda minister of Hitler?</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
Joseph Goebbels.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">2. Which court was
set up at the end of the Second World War to prosecute Nazi war criminals?</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
An International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">3. What do you mean
by Genocidal war?</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
Genocidal war means killing on large scale leading to the destruction of large
sections of people.<br />
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
4. What do you mean by Reichstag?</span><br />
Reichstag is the name of the German Parliament.<br />
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
5. Which treaty was signed by Germany after its defeat In the First World war?</span><br />
The Treaty of Versailles was signed by Germany after its defeat in the First
World War.<br />
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
6. Who was mockingly called 'November Criminals'?</span><br />
Those who supported the Weimar Republic, mainly Socialists, Catholics and
Democrats, were mockingly called the ‘November Criminals'.<br />
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
7. How were the deputies of the Reichstag appointed?</span><br />
The deputies of the Reichstag were elected on the basis of universal votes cast
by all adults including women.<br />
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
8. Which article of the Weimar Constitution gave the President the powers to
impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree in Germany?</span><br />
Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution gave the President the powers to impose
emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree in Germany.<br />
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
9. What do you mean by Free Corps?</span><br />
The war veterans organisation through which the Weimar Republic crushed the
uprising of the Spartacist League are called Free Corps.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
10. Why did Nazis hold massive rallies and public meetings in Germany?</span><br />
Nazis held massive rallies and public meetings in Germany to demonstrate their
support for Hitler and instil(develop/create) a sense of unity among the
people.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Short Answer
Questions (SAQs):</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;"><br />
1. Describe the events that happened during Great Economic Depression in the
USA?</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
• The Wall Street Exchange crashed in 1929 and due to fear of a fall in prices,
people made frantic efforts to sell their shares. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Over the next
three years, between 1929 and 1932, the national income of the USA fell by
half. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Factories shut
down, exports fell, farmers were badly hit and speculators withdrew their money
from the market.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">2. Describe any
three inherent defects in the Weimar Constitution that made it vulnerable to
dictatorship.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; padding: 0in;">OR</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Mention three
reasons responsible for the failure of the Weimar Republic.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; padding: 0in;">OR</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">State any three
factors which made the Weimer Republic politically fragile.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The constitution
provided that government must be based on proportional representation which made
achieving a majority by any one party near impossible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The coalition
governments were not stable and keeps changing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The constitution
had Article 48, which gave the President the powers to impose emergency,
suspend civil rights and rule by decree.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">3. What promises
did Hitler make to the Germans when he came to power? </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• He promised to
build a strong nation and undo the justice of the Treaty of Versailles and restore
the dignity of the German people. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• He promised
employment for those looking for work. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• He promised to
remove all foreign influences and resist all foreign conspiracies against
Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">4. Explain any
three effects of the Treaty of Versailles over Germany. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Germany lost its
overseas colonies. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• It was
demilitarized. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The allied
armies occupied resource-rich Rhineland. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• It lost 75 percent of the iron and 26 percent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark &
Lithuania.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">5. Describe the
political impact of the defeat of Imperial Germany.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The defeat of
Imperial Germany and the abdication of the emperor gave an opportunity to
recast German polity. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• A National
Assembly met at Weimar and established a democratic constitution with a federal
structure. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Deputies were
now elected to the German Parliament or Reichstag, on the basis of equal and universal
votes cast by all adults including women.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">6. Why did the Weimar
Republic set up in Germany after the First World War become unpopular? Give
three reasons. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The Weimar
Republic was politically too fragile which created instability in Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The Weimar
Republic was held responsible for signing the Treaty of Versailles and accepting
its harsh terms.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The Weimar
Republic did not take any steps to improve the economic conditions of the
people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">7. How did Nazis
demonstrate support for Hitler?</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Nazis held
massive rallies and public meetings to demonstrate their support for Hitler and
instil a sense of unity among the people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The Red banners
with the Swastika, the Nazi salute, and the ritualised rounds of applause after
the speeches were all part of this spectacle of power.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Nazi propaganda
skilfully projected Hitler as a messiah, a saviour, as someone who had arrived
to deliver people from their distress.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">8. What was the
verdict of the Nuremberg Tribunal? Why did the Allies avoid harsh punishment on
Germany?</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The Nuremberg
Tribunal sentenced only eleven leading Nazis to death for the mass murder of
selected groups of innocent civilians of Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Many others were
imprisoned for life.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The Allies did
not want to be as harsh on defeated Germany as they had been after the First
World War which led to the rise of Nazi Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Long Answer
Questions (LAQs):</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">1. Mention any five
effects of the ‘Great Economic Depression’ on the economy of Germany?</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The industrial
production was reduced to 40 percent of the 1929 level.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• workers lost
their jobs or were paid reduced wages.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Unemployed youth
took to criminal activities and total despair became commonplace.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The middle
classes, especially salaried employees and pensioners, saw their savings diminish
when the currency lost its value.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Small
businessmen, the self-employed and retailers suffered as their businesses got
ruined.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">2. Why was the
'Treaty of Versailles' treated as harsh and humiliating to the people of Germany?
Explain.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Germany lost its
overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13 percent of its territories, 75
percent of its iron and 26 percent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and
Lithuania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The Allied
Powers demilitarised Germany to weaken its power. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The War Guilt
Clause held Germany responsible for the war and damages the Allied countries
suffered. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Germany was
forced to pay compensation amounting to £6 billion. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• The Allied
armies also occupied the resource-rich Rhineland for much of the 1920s.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">3. The First World
War left a deep imprint on European society and polity. Elaborate on the
given statement. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Soldiers came to
be placed above civilians. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Politicians and
publicists laid great stress on the need for men to be aggressive, strong
and masculine. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Media glorified
trench life. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Aggressive war
propaganda and national honour occupied centre stage. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Arial, "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">• Popular support
grew for conservative dictatorships.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Moushmi Nirmal Palhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02277001549339089665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-5738339510451645772021-08-24T21:01:00.000-07:002021-08-24T21:01:03.956-07:00PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA<p>PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA</p><p><br /></p><p>Answer the following questions</p><p> </p><p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Q.1 What is meant by doab?</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">- The land between two rivers is locally known as
the doab.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Q.2 What is a delta? Name some deltas of the
Indian sub-continent.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The triangular deposition of sediments at the
mouth of a river is known as a delta.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The Mahanadi Delta.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The Godavari Delta.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The Krishna Delta.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The Kaveri Delta.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Q.3 What is the difference between a tributary
and a distributary?</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Answer:</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-A Tributary: A tributary is that river which
joins the main river, and increases the volume of water. It is generally found
in the upper or the middle course of a river. For example, the Yamuna is the
main tributary of the river Ganga.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-A Distributary: It is that river which
originates from a main river. It is formed near the river’s mouth before it
falls into the sea. It is found in the lower course of the river. For example,
the Hooghly is the main distributary of the Ganga.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Q.4 Why are Northern Plains agriculturally
productive parts of India? Explain.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The deposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying
at the foothills of the Himalaya over millions of years, formed this fertile
plain.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">- It spreads over an area of 7 lakh sQuestion km.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">The plain is about 2400 km. long and 240 to 320
km. broad, is a densely populated physiographic division.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-With a rich soil cover combined with adequate
water supply and favourable climate, it is agriculturally a very productive
part of India.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Q.5 Name the three major divisions of Himalayas
from the north to south.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">The three major divisions of Himalayas from north
to south are:</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The northernmost range is known as the Great
Himalayas or Inner Himalayas or Himadri. It is the most continuous range
consisting of the loftiest peaks. It has an average height of 6000 meters. It
consists of all the prominent Himalayan peaks.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The southern range of Himadri which is known as
the Himachal or the lesser Himalayas lies to the South of Himadri. It forms the
most rugged mountain system. The ranges are mainly composed of highly
compressed and altered rocks. The altitude varies between 3700 and 4500 meters
and its average width is 50 kms.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The outermost range of the Himalayas is known as
Shiwaliks. Its height varies between 900 meters and 1100 meters. This range is
composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main
Himalayan ranges. These are also called foothill ranges. They represent the
southernmost divison of Himalaya.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Q.6 Each physiographic region of India
complements the other and makes the country richer in its natural resources.”
Justify this statement with five examples.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Or</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">‘The diverse physical features of India are of
immense value’.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Justify the statement by giving suitable examples.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-Importance of diverse physical features of India
is as follows:</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The northern mountains are the major sources of
water and forest wealth.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The northern plains are the granaries of the
country. They provide the base for early civilisations.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The plateau is a storehouse of minerals which
has played a crucial role in the industrialisation of the country.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The coastal region and island groups provide
sites for fishing and port activities.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The deserts are the storehouse of solar energy.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Q.7 Which is the oldest landmass of India? Name
its two broad divisions and explain any three features of each.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-The Great Peninsular Plateau lies to the south
of the great plains and is the oldest landmass of India. It is triangular in
shape. The river</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Narmada divides it into two parts:</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">The Central Highlands and</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">The Deccan Plateau.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">The Central Highlands:</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">It is made up of hard igneous and metamorphic
rocks.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">It comprises the Malwa Plateau, the small plateau
of Bundelkhand and the Chhota Nagpur Plateau while the Western Ghats extend to
the west of the Deccan Plateau.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Chambal, Sind and Betwa are three important
rivers which flow through the Central Highlands.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">It has been drained by tributaries of Yamuna and
Ganga.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Bundelkhand in southern UP and Baghelkhand in
northern Madhya Pradesh.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">The Deccan Plateau:</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">It is a triangular landmass that lies to the
south of river Narmada.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">It is higher in the west and slopes gendy
eastwards.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">It is the largest unit of the Peninsular Plateau
of India.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Satpura range, Mahadev hills, Maikal range covers
the northern edge.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">It is the oldest block made up of igneous and
metamorphic rocks.</span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Q.8 Differentiate between the Western Ghats and
the Eastern Ghats</span></p>
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<p class="normal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-shadow: yes; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">WESTERN GHATS</span></p>
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<p class="normal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-shadow: yes; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">EASTERN GHATS</span></p>
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<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">The hills located
along the western edge of the Deccan</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">plateau.</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-shadow: yes; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">The hills located
along the eastern edge of Deccan</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">plateau .</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-shadow: yes; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">Western Ghats are
higher than the</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">Eastern Ghats.</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-shadow: yes; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">Eastern Ghats are
comparatively<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lower mountains</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-shadow: yes; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN">Western Ghats are
continuous hills</span></p>
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<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">Eastern Ghats are
not continuous and are split up into many parts</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">by the rivers.</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-shadow: yes; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">They are parallel
to the Arabian Sea</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-shadow: yes; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="normal" style="mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN">They are parallel
to Bay of Bengal</span></p>
<p class="normal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-shadow: yes; mso-padding-alt: 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt 31.0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">Q.9 What are barchans? Where can we see them? </span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN">-Barchans are crescent-shaped dunes that cover
larger areas but longitudinal dunes become more prominent near the
Indo-Pakistan boundary. In Jaisalmer, you may see a group of barchans. </span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal"><span lang="EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Moushmi Nirmal Palhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02277001549339089665noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-84705468300331676812021-08-13T01:29:00.002-07:002021-08-13T01:29:12.908-07:00SUBJECT VERB CONCORD Class 9<p> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-AnHBND_WVitxQ5dsgfX3TR__KX_mDdD/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet QP</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GhT3BW02vQW3Ie9iKOyiSYtUeyRUoLkD/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet Answers</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-59439914044142199732021-08-13T01:23:00.004-07:002021-08-13T01:23:58.117-07:00Modals Class 9<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NNga4AP_mB5xubsh0GSu0Vx8Gl4OhTcc/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Modals rules</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YNikeMAtjcFvFlS_RXQnbrYwAy7llvEL/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rShUHFC2b6iHaPsi4YdoqTh3qMvSNyuN/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet Answers</a><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-65030490830839890302021-08-13T01:10:00.001-07:002021-08-13T01:10:37.321-07:00The Legend of the Northland Class 9<p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1exvIElD75EUW82M4xSm3UpdY4ohrbE8S/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Textual Q/A</a> </p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NJwHoo_jMwlxUy7Gj5jDkhK6WuTLdaH6/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wAWPpuQwohUpmXQc8Ck7fgAaEFuPkkgj/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Worksheet Answers</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-76911996346552412422021-08-13T00:58:00.001-07:002021-08-13T00:58:15.384-07:00Happy Prince Class 9<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iEc3VJv4xa_d245KdO7108umJuQGklcX/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Textual Q/A</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qApEgya6ukOta0sH_GOP69r5tgUKJNbi/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lEo1MlJ7DCMC9C8UtPl_SI1znZhyMXjg/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Worksheet Answers</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-2997697246905153432021-08-13T00:40:00.001-07:002021-08-13T00:40:20.882-07:00In the kingdom of fools Class 9<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Z3joo_18RFkXg1W5qdnGmcDL0kr3farm/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Textual Q/A</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iqtkZJB97VlRFXb2zAiJKRgfYrRdlKQt/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VnRbkPEim24tbHm8W8lacRq7v1vtHfc3/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet Answers</a> <br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6834751313726184636.post-78839854255628862502021-08-13T00:26:00.000-07:002021-08-13T00:26:20.616-07:00My Childhood Class 9<p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/116BRgvFtT0uX38d1UAlX0BzWkn5p1-Kg/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Textual Question/Answers</a></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JL-W5txR2txPO3OCaEhzSmT-5OjUAZki/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet QP</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JlG693LD5kNxnyVe9wJNbdU73qeYoaie/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110975230859504392655&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">Worksheet Answers</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Nutanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03575529302169241462noreply@blogger.com0