PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA

Questions Very Short Answer Type

Q.1 Mention the three types of plate movements.
Answer:Convergent,
Divergent,
Transform.

Q.2 Which continents of today were part of the Gondwanaland?
Answer:South America,
Africa,
Australia,
Asia.

Q.3 What is Khadar?
Answer:The younger alluvium of the flood plains is known as the Khadar.

Q.4 What is the northern and southern extension of the western coast called?
Answer:Northern → Konkan coast, Southern → Malabar coast.

Answer the following questions

Question 1.
Explain the theory of Plate Tectonics.
Answer:According to this theory, the crust of the earth has been formed out of seven major and some minor plates. The movement of these plates led to folding, faulting and volcanic activity. These are classified in three categories:

-Convergent Boundary: When plates come .towards each other, also called folding movement.
-Divergent Boundary: When plates move away from each other, also called faulting movement.
-Transform Boundary: In the event of coming together, they may collide or may slide under each other.

Question 2.
What is the difference between a tributary and a distributary?
Answer:
A Tributary: A tributary is that river which joins the main river, and increases the volume of water. It is generally found in the upper or the middle course of a river. For example, the Yamuna is the main tributary of the river Ganga.

A Distributary: It is that river which originates from a main river. It is formed near the river’s mouth before it falls into the sea. It is found in the lower course of the river. For example, the Hooghly is the main distributary of the Ganga.

Question 3.
ex the three major divisions of Himalayas from the north to south.
Answer:
The three major divisions of Himalayas from north to south are:

-The northernmost range which is known as the Great Himalayas or Inner Himalayas or Himadri. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks. It has an average height of 6000 meters. It consists of all the prominent Himalayan peaks.
-The southern range of Himadri which is known the Himachal or the lesser Himalayas lies to the South of Himadri. It forms the most rugged mountain system. The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. The altitude varies between 3700 and 4500 meters and its average width is 50 kms.
-The outermost range of the Himalayas is known as Shiwaliks. Its height varies between 900 meters and 1100 meters. This range is composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges. These are also called foothill ranges. They represent the southernmost divison of Himalaya.

Question 4
Why are Northern Plains agriculturally productive parts of India? Explain.
Answer:

-The deposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying at the foothills of the Himalaya over millions of years, formed this fertile plain.

-It spreads over an area of 7 lakh sQuestion km.
-The plain being about 2400 km. long and 240 to 320 km. broad, is a densely populated physiographic division.
-With a rich soil cover combined with adequate water supply and favourable climate, it is agriculturally a very productive part of India.

Question 5
Which three river systems form the northern plains of India? Mention main features.
Answer:
-The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems—the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
Features:

-The river Indus and its tributaries form the western part of the northern plain which is referred to as the Punjab plains. The larger part of this plain lies in Pakistan.
-The Ganga plain extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It spreads over the states of North India; Haryana, Delhi, U.P., Bihar, partly Jharkhand and West Bengal.
-The Brahmaputra plain particularly lies mainly in Assam. It forms the largest riverine islands in the world.

Question 6
What are Purvanchal hills? Mention any two features of these hills.
Answer:
Mountains along the eastern boundary of India are called the Purvanchal. There are medium heights. Some of the important mountains of Purvanchal are:

-The Patkoi Bum and the Naga Hills in the North.
-The Mizo Hills in the South.
-The Jaintia, the Khasi and the Garo hills from east to west.
Features:

-They comprise of sandstone and sediments.
They are covered with dense forests.
They comprise of Patkoi Hills, Manipur hills etc. (any two)

Question 7
Give an account of the Deccan Plateau.
Answer:
An account of Deccan Plateau of India:

-It is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the river Narmada. The Satpura range flanks its broad base in the north while the Mahadev forms its eastern extensions.
-The Deccan Plateau is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards.
-An extension of the Plateau is also visible in the north-east. It is locally known as the Meghalaya, Karbi Anglong Plateau and North Cachar Hills.
-It is separated by a fault from the Chhotanagpur Plateau. Three prominent hill ranges form the West to East are the Garo, the Khasi and the Jaintia Hills.

-The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the Western and Eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau respectively.

-The Western Ghats lie parallel to the western coast and Eastern Ghats, lie parallel to the eastern coast.

Question 8
Describe any three features of coastal plains of India.
Answer:

- The Peninsular plateau is flanked by a strip of narrow coastal strips running along the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east.
-The western coast, sandwiched between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, is a narrow plain. It consists of three sections. -The northern part of the coast is called the Konkan (Mumbai-Goa), the central stretch is called the Kannad Plain while the southern stretch is referred to as the Malabar coast.
-The plains along the Bay of Bengal are wide and level.
-In the northern part, it is referred to as the Northern Gircar, while the southern part is known as the Coromandel Coast.
-Large rivers such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri have formed extensive delta on this coast. Lake ----Chilka is an important feature along the eastern coast.

Question 9
Name two island groups possessed by India. Mention one feature of each.
Answer:

-The Andaman and Nicobar Islands:

It comprises more than 300 islands.

-Lakshadweep Islands:

Lakshadweep is an archipelago consisting of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km.

Questions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the significance of Himalayas to India?

Answer :(i) The Himalayas lie on the northern border of India like a physical barrier. They separate India from Central Asia.

(ii) They have huge cover of snow and glaciers which are the sources for a number of perennial rivers of India. These rivers helped in the formation of northern plains of India, therefore provide water for irrigation, navigation and for generating hydel-power.

(iii) The Himalayas also act as climatic barriers, since they protect the northern plains in winters from the freezing cold winds blowing from Central Asia. They are also able to stop and deflect the rain bearing southern-west monsoon winds towards northern plains of India.

(iv) Forests in the foothills of Himalayas provide habitat for a number of wild animals, birds, insects etc.

(v) In Himadari, there are a number of beautiful hill stations like Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital, Darjeeling.

(vi) Besides, these mountains also provide a natural protection to India from any kind of invasion from outside.

Question 2.
“Each physiographic region of India complements the other and makes the country richer in its natural resources.” Justify this statement with five examples.
Or
‘The diverse physical features of India are of immense value’.
Justify the statement by giving suitable examples.
Answer:
Importance of diverse physical features of India is as follows:

-The northern mountains are the major sources of water and forest wealth.
The northern plains are the granaries of the country. They provide the base for early civilisations.
-The plateau is a storehouse of minerals which has played a crucial role in the industrialisation of the country.
-The coastal region and island groups provide sites for fishing and port activities.
The deserts are the storehouse of solar energy.

Map.work

Locate and label the following items on the given map
1 Naga hills
2 Mizo hills
3 Nanda Devi peak
4 Anai Mudi
5 Aravali range

6 Mt. K2

7 western ghats

8 Andaman and Nicobar islands

STARS OF PIS AHMEDABAD STD - IX

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Tuesday, June 16, 2020

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA

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