notebook question and answers for why do we fall ill.

Answer the following questions

1. Define health

 Ans. Health is defined as State of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially.

2. Write difference between being healthy and diseases free.

	Healthy	Disease free
1.	It is a state of physical, mental and social well being.	It is a state of absence from diseases.
2.	It refers to the individual, physical and social environment.	It refers only to the individual.
3.	The individual has good health.	The individual may have good health or poor health.

3. Give significance of good health

4. Write conditions necessary for good health

Ans- i) Good  social environment + physical health

ii) Individual and public cleanliness.

iiI) Good economic conditions. 

iv) Social equality and harmony.

5. Explain symptoms and signs

➢ A symptom is a change in the normal structure or functioning of the body parts. this  indicate that there is some thing wrong in the body .

For e.g. fever, headache, body ache, stomachache, nausea or vomiting are all symptoms of presence of some disease

Signs are definite clues or indication of a specific disease. Medical test provide the correct diagnois of the diseases

6. Explain about 4 different types of diseases

➢ Diseases are of different types. They are :-

i) Acute diseases :-  are diseases which last only for a short period of time and does not have long term effect on health.

   Eg:- cold,  cough, typhoid, cholera etc

ii) Chronic disease :- are diseases which lasts for a long time and has long term drastic effect on health.

   Eg :- asthma, diabetes, tuberculosis, glucoma, elephantiasis, allergy, cancer etc.  

iii) Infectious diseases (Communicable diseases) :- are 

diseases which spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food, vectors, physical contact or sexual contact. Eg :- common cold, chicken pox, mumps, measles, typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, malaria, AIDS etc.

iv) Non-infectious diseases (Non-communicable diseases) :- 

are diseases which are not spread from an infected person to a healthy person. Eg :- beri beri, rickets, scurvy, night blindness, diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure etc.

7. Explain causes of a diseases

Ans- Diseases are caused by :-

 i) Pathogens like virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoans or 

    worms.

ii) Poor health and under nourishment.

iii) Malfunctioning of body parts.

iv) Environmental pollution.

v) Genetic disorders

8. Make a list of infectious agents and diseases caused by them

Ans  - 1.Viruses-Common cold, Influenza, Measles, Mumps, Chicken pox, AIDS, Hepatits-B etc.

2.Bacteria-Cholera, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Tetanus, Anthrax, Food poisoning etc.

3.Fungi-Skin infections.

4.Protozoans-Malaria, Kala-azar, Amoebic dysentry, Sleeping sickness.

5.Worms-Intestinal infections, Elephantiasis.

9. Make a list of infectious agents and diseases caused by them

1.Viruses-Common cold, Influenza, Measles, Mumps, Chicken pox, AIDS, Hepatits-B etc.

2.Bacteria-Cholera, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Tetanus, Anthrax, Food poisoning etc.

3.Fungi-Skin infections.

4.Protozoans-Malaria, Kala-azar, Amoebic dysentry, Sleeping sickness.

5.Worms-Intestinal infections, Elephantiasis.

10. Explain Means of spread of infectious diseases

Ans:     Infectious diseases spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food, vectors, physical contact and sexual contact.

 i) Through air :- Common cod, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia 

                            etc.

ii) Through water :- Cholera, Amoebic dysentry etc.

iii) Through vectors :-

   Mosquitoes :- Malaria, Dengue, Yellow fever etc.

   Flies             :- Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Diarrhoea, Dysentry

                          etc.

iv) Through sexual contact :- Syphilis, AIDS.

  AIDS virus can also spread though blood transfusion and from  the mother to her child during pregnancy and through breast feeding.

11. Explain Organ-specific and tissue-specific 
   manifestations

Ans: Disease causing microbes enter the body by different means and goes to different organs and tissues.

i) Microbes which enters through the nose are likely to go to the lungs. ( Bacteria which cause tuberculosis of lungs). 

ii) Microbes which enter through the mouth are likely to stay in the gut ( Bacteria which causes Typhoid) or liver (Bacteria which causes Jaundice).

iii) Virus which causes AIDS enter the body through sexual organs during sexual contact and spreads through the lymph to all parts of the body and damages the immune system.N

iv) Virus which causes Japanese encephalitis (brain fever) enters the body through mosquito bite and goes and infects the brain.

12. Write Principles of treatment :-

Ans : The treatment of infectious diseases consists of two steps. They are to reduce the effects of the disease (symptoms) and to kill the microbes which caused the disease.

i) To reduce the effects of the disease :- 

  This can be done by taking medicines to bring down the  effects of the disease like fever, pain or loose motions etc. and by taking bed rest to conserve our energy.

ii) To kill the microbes :-

This can be done by taking suitable antibiotics and drugs which kills the microbes and the disease is cured.

13. Write principles of prevention.

  There are two ways of prevention of infectious diseases. They are general ways and specific ways.

i) General ways of prevention :-

   Public hygiene is most important for prevention of infectious diseases. Proper and sufficient food for every onewill make people healthy to resist infection.

  Air borne diseases can be prevented by living in conditions that are not crowded. Water borne diseases can be prevented by providing safe drinking water. Vector borne diseases can be prevented by providing clean environment.

ii) Specific ways of prevention :-

  The specific ways to prevent infectious disease is  immunisation by taking vaccines. Vaccines provide immunity from infectious diseases like tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, polio etc. 

  Our body has an immune system which fights microbial infection. When this system first sees an infectious microbe, it kills the microbe and remembers it. So if the microbe enters the body the next time, it responds more vigorously. Vaccines mimic the infectious microbe  and strengthens our immune system and protects the body from infectious diseases. 

14. What is immunization?

15. Write about  disesese caused by protozonas, fungi ,bacteria , viruses and worms and its symptoms and preventive measures.